Trees and forests through the year, sentence 13
Fallen leaves are broken down by worms, fungi and bacteria, and this feeds the soil.
Who acts: worms, this · What happens: fall, break down, feed · To what, where: Fallen leaves, soil
This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees and forests through the year» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (worms, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 leaves | amod |
| 2 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 broken | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 broken | aux:pass |
| 4 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | down | down | ADP | _ | 4 broken | compound:prt |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 worms | case |
| 7 | worms | worm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 broken | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 fungi | punct |
| 9 | fungi | fungi | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 worms | conj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 bacteria | cc |
| 11 | bacteria | bacteria | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 worms | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 feeds | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 feeds | cc |
| 14 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 15 feeds | nsubj |
| 15 | feeds | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 broken | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 soil | det |
| 17 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 feeds | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 broken | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | participle | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | break down | present · passive | worms and fungi and bacteria | Fallen leaves | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | feed | present | this | the soil | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:076-trees-and-forests-through-the-year.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/13/