Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things, sentence 4
Leave a slice of bread in a warm, damp place and in a few days fuzzy spots of mould appear — spores from the air landed on it and the fungus grew by feeding on the bread.
Who acts: you, fuzzy spots, spores, fungus · What happens: leave, appear, land, grow, feed, slice · To what, where: slice, warm damp place, air, bread
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fungi, bacteria and tiny living things» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, fuzzy spots, spores, fungus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leave | leave | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 slice | det |
| 3 | slice | slice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Leave | obj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 bread | case |
| 5 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 slice | nmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 place | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 place | det |
| 8 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 place | amod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 warm | punct |
| 10 | damp | damp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 place | amod |
| 11 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Leave | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 days | cc |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 days | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 days | det |
| 15 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 days | amod |
| 16 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 place | conj |
| 17 | fuzzy | fuzzy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 spots | amod |
| 18 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 appear | nsubj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 mould | case |
| 20 | mould | mould | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 spots | nmod |
| 21 | appear | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Leave | conj |
| 22 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 landed | punct |
| 23 | spores | spore | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 landed | nsubj |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 air | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 air | det |
| 26 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 spores | nmod |
| 27 | landed | land | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Leave | parataxis |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 it | case |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 landed | obl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 grew | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 fungus | det |
| 32 | fungus | fungus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 grew | nsubj |
| 33 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 landed | conj |
| 34 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 35 feeding | mark |
| 35 | feeding | feed | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 grew | advcl |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 bread | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 bread | det |
| 38 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 feeding | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Leave | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | imperative | you not said here | a slice of bread | a warm damp place and a few days | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent slice=Theme in place=Location | |||
| 2 | appear | present | fuzzy spots of mould | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | land | past | spores from the air | air | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on it=Destination | ||||
| 4 | grow | past | the fungus | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | feed | gerund | the fungus not said here | on the bread | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on bread=Patient | ||||
| 6 | slice | bread | nom slice «possession transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:077-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/77-fungi-bacteria-tiny-living-things/4/