Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell, sentence 3

Bats and dolphins use echoes: they make a sound, listen for it to bounce back, and work out where things are, even in complete darkness or murky water.

Who acts: Bats, animal, things · What happens: use, make, listen, bounce back, work out, be · To what, where: echoes, sound, complete darkness

This is a sentence of the lesson «Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bats, animal, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 use	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 dolphins	cc
3	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Bats	conj
4	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 use	obj
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 make	punct
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 make	nsubj
8	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 use	parataxis
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 sound	det
10	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 make	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 listen	punct
12	listen	listen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 make	conj
13	for	for	SCONJ	_	16 bounce	mark
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 bounce	nsubj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 bounce	mark
16	bounce	bounce	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 listen	advcl
17	back	back	ADV	_	16 bounce	advmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 work	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 work	cc
20	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 use	parataxis
21	out	out	ADP	_	20 work	compound:prt
22	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	20 work	ccomp
23	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 where	nsubj
24	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 where	cop
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 darkness	punct
26	even	even	ADV	_	29 darkness	advmod
27	in	in	ADP	_	29 darkness	case
28	complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 darkness	amod
29	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 where	obl
30	or	or	CCONJ	_	32 water	cc
31	murky	murky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 water	amod
32	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 darkness	conj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 use	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	use	present	Bats and dolphins	echoes			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Patient
2	make	present	bats = bat	a sound			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product
3	listen	present	bats = bat not said here				vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
4	bounce back	to-infinitive	animal				vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	work out	present					vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
6	is	present	things		complete darkness or murky water	where property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:079-senses-of-animals.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/79-senses-of-animals/3/