Farms and where our food comes from, sentence 2
Farmers plough the soil, sow seeds, water and feed the crops, protect them from pests and harvest them when they are ripe; changing the crop in a field each year keeps the soil healthy.
Who acts: Farmers, crops, year · What happens: plough, sow, water, feed, protect, harvest · To what, where: soil, seeds, crops, crop, field
This is a sentence of the lesson «Farms and where our food comes from» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Farmers, crops, year), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 plough | nsubj |
| 2 | plough | plough | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 soil | det |
| 4 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 plough | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 sow | punct |
| 6 | sow | sow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 plough | conj |
| 7 | seeds | seed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 sow | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 water | punct |
| 9 | water | water | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 plough | conj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 feed | cc |
| 11 | feed | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 plough | conj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 crops | det |
| 13 | crops | crop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 feed | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 protect | punct |
| 15 | protect | protect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 plough | conj |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 protect | obj |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 pests | case |
| 18 | pests | pest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 protect | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 harvest | cc |
| 20 | harvest | harvest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 protect | conj |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 harvest | obj |
| 22 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 25 ripe | advmod |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 ripe | nsubj |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 ripe | cop |
| 25 | ripe | ripe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 harvest | advcl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 changing | punct |
| 27 | changing | change | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 35 keeps | csubj |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 crop | det |
| 29 | crop | crop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 changing | obj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 field | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 field | det |
| 32 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 changing | obl |
| 33 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 34 year | det |
| 34 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 keeps | nsubj |
| 35 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 plough | parataxis |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 soil | det |
| 37 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 keeps | obj |
| 38 | healthy | healthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 keeps | xcomp |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 plough | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | plough | present | Farmers | the soil | vn wipe_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Agent soil=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | sow | present | Farmers not said here | seeds | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent seed=Theme | ||||
| 3 | water | present | Farmers not said here | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | feed | present | Farmers not said here | the crops | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | protect | present | Farmers not said here | crops = crop | from pests | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary from pest=Theme | |||
| 6 | harvest | present | Farmers not said here | crops = crop | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | is | present | crops = crop | ripe property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | change | gerund | the crop | a field | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Patient | ||||
| 9 | keep | present | each year | the soil | healthy property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:080-farms-and-our-food.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/80-farms-and-our-food/2/