Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool, sentence 17
Radiation carries heat through empty space, which is how sunlight warms the Earth.
Who acts: Radiation, empty space, sunlight · What happens: carry, be, warm · To what, where: heat, empty space, Earth
This is a sentence of the lesson «Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Radiation, empty space, sunlight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Radiation | radiation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 carries | nsubj |
| 2 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 carries | obj |
| 4 | through | through | ADP | _ | 6 space | case |
| 5 | empty | empty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 space | amod |
| 6 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 carries | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 warms | punct |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 is | nsubj |
| 9 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 space | acl:relcl |
| 10 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 warms | advmod |
| 11 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 warms | nsubj |
| 12 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 is | ccomp |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Earth | det |
| 14 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 warms | obj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 carries | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | present | Radiation | heat | empty space | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme | |||
| 2 | be | present | empty space | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | warm | present | sunlight | the Earth | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent earth=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:082-heat-and-temperature.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/82-heat-and-temperature/17/