Explorers and how the world was mapped, sentence 4
Vikings reached North America about a thousand years ago, and Chinese fleets under Zheng He sailed to Africa in the early 1400s.
Who acts: Vikings, Chinese fleets · What happens: reach, sail · To what, where: North America, Africa, early 1400s
This is a sentence of the lesson «Explorers and how the world was mapped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vikings, Chinese fleets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vikings | viking | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 reached | nsubj |
| 2 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 America | compound |
| 4 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 reached | obj |
| 5 | about | about | ADV | _ | 7 thousand | advmod |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 thousand | det |
| 7 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 years | nummod |
| 8 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 9 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 2 reached | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 fleets | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 fleets | cc |
| 12 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 fleets | amod |
| 13 | fleets | fleet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 sailed | nsubj |
| 14 | under | under | ADP | _ | 15 Zheng | case |
| 15 | Zheng | Zheng | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 fleets | nmod |
| 16 | He | he | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Zheng | flat |
| 17 | sailed | sail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 reached | conj |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 Africa | case |
| 19 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 sailed | obl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 1400s | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 1400s | det |
| 22 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 1400s | amod |
| 23 | 1400s | 1400 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 17 sailed | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | Vikings | North America | ago property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent america=Theme | |||
| 2 | sail | past | Chinese fleets under Zheng | Africa | the early 1400s | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent to africa=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:098-explorers-mapping-the-world.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/98-explorers-mapping-the-world/4/