Transport: from horses to planes, sentence 2
Horses were tamed about 5,500 years ago, and the wheel was invented at about the same time, so animals could pull carts.
Who acts: animals · What happens: tame, invent, pull · To what, where: Horses, wheel, carts
This is a sentence of the lesson «Transport: from horses to planes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 tamed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 tamed | aux:pass |
| 3 | tamed | tame | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | about | about | ADV | _ | 5 5,500 | advmod |
| 5 | 5,500 | 5,500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 years | nummod |
| 6 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 7 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 3 tamed | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 invented | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 invented | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 wheel | det |
| 11 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 invented | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 invented | aux:pass |
| 13 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 tamed | conj |
| 14 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 time | case |
| 15 | about | about | ADV | _ | 18 time | advmod |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 time | det |
| 17 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 time | amod |
| 18 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 invented | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 pull | punct |
| 20 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 23 pull | mark |
| 21 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 pull | nsubj |
| 22 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 pull | aux |
| 23 | pull | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 invented | advcl |
| 24 | carts | cart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 pull | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 tamed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tame | past · passive | Horses | ago property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | invent | past · passive | the wheel | time | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result | ||||
| 3 | pull | could | animals | carts | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cart=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:099-transport-horses-to-planes.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/99-transport-horses-to-planes/2/