The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 1, sentence 45
In the chronicles of the ancient dynasty of the Sassanidae, who reigned for about four hundred years, from Persia to the borders of China, beyond the great river Ganges itself, we read the praises of one of the kings of this race, who was said to be the best monarch of his time.
Who acts: Sassanidae, we · What happens: reign, read, say, be, chronicle · To what, where: Persia, praises, chronicles, race, best monarch, ancient dynasty · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sassanidae, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 chronicles | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 chronicles | det |
| 3 | chronicles | chronicle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 read | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 dynasty | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 dynasty | det |
| 6 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 dynasty | amod |
| 7 | dynasty | dynasty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 chronicles | nmod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Sassanidae | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Sassanidae | det |
| 10 | Sassanidae | Sassanidae | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 dynasty | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 reigned | punct |
| 12 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 reigned | nsubj |
| 13 | reigned | reign | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 Sassanidae | acl:relcl |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 years | case |
| 15 | about | about | ADV | _ | 17 hundred | advmod |
| 16 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 hundred | compound |
| 17 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 years | nummod |
| 18 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 reigned | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Persia | punct |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 Persia | case |
| 21 | Persia | Persia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 reigned | obl |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 borders | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 borders | det |
| 24 | borders | border | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 reigned | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 China | case |
| 26 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 borders | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 Ganges | punct |
| 28 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 32 Ganges | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 river | det |
| 30 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 river | amod |
| 31 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 Ganges | compound |
| 32 | Ganges | Ganges | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 reigned | obl |
| 33 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 32 Ganges | nmod:unmarked |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 chronicles | punct |
| 35 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 read | nsubj |
| 36 | read | read | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 praises | det |
| 38 | praises | praise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 read | obj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 one | case |
| 40 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 38 praises | nmod |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 kings | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 kings | det |
| 43 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 one | nmod |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 race | case |
| 45 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 46 race | det |
| 46 | race | race | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 kings | nmod |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 said | punct |
| 48 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 50 said | nsubj |
| 49 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 said | aux:pass |
| 50 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 46 race | acl:relcl |
| 51 | to | to | PART | _ | 55 monarch | mark |
| 52 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 55 monarch | cop |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 monarch | det |
| 54 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 55 monarch | amod |
| 55 | monarch | monarch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 said | ccomp |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 time | case |
| 57 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 time | nmod:poss |
| 58 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 monarch | nmod |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 36 read | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reign | past | the Sassanidae | Persia | year | to the borders of China; beyond river Ganges Sassanidae | tree rules | ||
| 2 | read | past | we | the praises of one of the kings of this race | the chronicles of the ancient dynasty of the Sassanidae | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent praise=Topic | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past · passive | this race | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 4 | is a | to-infinitive | the best monarch | time | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | chronicle | the ancient dynasty of the Sassanidae | nom chronicle «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/1/45/