The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 10, sentence 71
Slowly the air grew dark, and we felt as if the earth was about to crumble away, and our fright was by no means diminished at seeing the genius, son of the daughter of Eblis, suddenly appear under the form of a colossal lion.
Who acts: air, we, earth, fright, our · What happens: grow, feel, be, crumble away, diminish, see · To what, where: genius, form, colossal lion
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (air, we, earth, fright), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 4 grew | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 air | det |
| 3 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 grew | nsubj |
| 4 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 grew | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 felt | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 felt | cc |
| 8 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 felt | nsubj |
| 9 | felt | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 grew | conj |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 15 about | mark |
| 11 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 15 about | mark |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 earth | det |
| 13 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 about | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 about | cop |
| 15 | about | about | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 felt | advcl |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 crumble | mark |
| 17 | crumble | crumble | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 about | xcomp |
| 18 | away | away | ADV | _ | 17 crumble | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 means | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 means | cc |
| 21 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 fright | nmod:poss |
| 22 | fright | fright | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 means | nsubj |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 means | cop |
| 24 | by | by | ADP | _ | 25 no | case |
| 25 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 26 means | obl |
| 26 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 grew | parataxis |
| 27 | diminished | diminish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 means | xcomp |
| 28 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 29 seeing | mark |
| 29 | seeing | see | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 diminished | advcl |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 genius | det |
| 31 | genius | genius | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 seeing | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 son | punct |
| 33 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 genius | conj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 daughter | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 daughter | det |
| 36 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 son | nmod |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 Eblis | case |
| 38 | Eblis | Eblis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 daughter | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 appear | punct |
| 40 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 41 appear | advmod |
| 41 | appear | appear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 means | conj |
| 42 | under | under | ADP | _ | 44 form | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 form | det |
| 44 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 appear | obl |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 lion | case |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 lion | det |
| 47 | colossal | colossal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 lion | amod |
| 48 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 form | nmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past | the air | dark, slowly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | feel | past | we | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | is | past | the earth | about property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | crumble away | to-infinitive | the earth not said here | away property | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is | past | our fright | by no; mean property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | diminish not said to happen | participle | our fright not said here | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 7 | see | gerund | our fright not said here | the genius and son of the daughter of Eblis | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer genius=Stimulus | ||||
| 8 | appear | infinitive | our fright not said here | the form of a colossal lion | suddenly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under form=Location | |||
| 9 | fright | our | nom fright «feeling transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 10 | form | a colossal lion | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/10/71/