The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 11, sentence 20
On hearing this the pilot grew white, and, beating his breast, he cried, "Oh, sir, we are lost, lost!" till the ship's crew trembled at they knew not what.
Who acts: pilot, crew, ships · What happens: hear, grow, beat, cry, lose, tremble · To what, where: this, breast, sir, we · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pilot, crew, ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | SCONJ | _ | 2 hearing | mark |
| 2 | hearing | hear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 grew | advcl |
| 3 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 hearing | obj |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 pilot | det |
| 5 | pilot | pilot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 grew | nsubj |
| 6 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 grew | xcomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 beating | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 beating | cc |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 beating | punct |
| 11 | beating | beat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 grew | advcl |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 breast | nmod:poss |
| 13 | breast | breast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 beating | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 cried | punct |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 cried | nsubj |
| 16 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 grew | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 sir | punct |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 sir | punct |
| 19 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 21 sir | discourse |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Oh | punct |
| 21 | sir | sir | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cried | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 lost | punct |
| 23 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 lost | nsubj |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 lost | aux:pass |
| 25 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 cried | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 lost | punct |
| 27 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 lost | conj |
| 28 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 27 lost | punct |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 lost | punct |
| 30 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 35 trembled | mark |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 ship | det |
| 32 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 crew | nmod:poss |
| 33 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 32 ship | case |
| 34 | crew | crew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 trembled | nsubj |
| 35 | trembled | tremble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 lost | advcl |
| 36 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 38 knew | mark |
| 37 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 knew | nsubj |
| 38 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 trembled | advcl |
| 39 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 knew | advmod |
| 40 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 38 knew | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 grew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | gerund | the pilot not said here | this | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | grow | past | the pilot | white property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | beat | gerund | the pilot not said here | pilot's breast | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location breast=Theme | ||||
| 4 | cry speech: express | past | pilot | sir | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | lose in a quote | present · passive | we | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | lose in a quote | participle | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | tremble | past | the ship's crew | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | not know | past | ships = ship | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/11/20/