The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 12, sentence 80
I led the animal into the open air, and then jumped on his back, shaking the reins as I did so, but as he never stirred, I touched him lightly with a switch I had picked up in his stable.
Who acts: I, animal, switch · What happens: lead, jump, shake, do, not stir, touch · To what, where: animal, open air, back, reins, I, stable
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, animal, switch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 led | nsubj |
| 2 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 animal | det |
| 4 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 led | obj |
| 5 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 air | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 air | det |
| 7 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 air | amod |
| 8 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 led | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 jumped | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 jumped | cc |
| 11 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 12 jumped | advmod |
| 12 | jumped | jump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 led | conj |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 back | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 back | nmod:poss |
| 15 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 jumped | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 shaking | punct |
| 17 | shaking | shake | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 jumped | parataxis |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 reins | det |
| 19 | reins | rein | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 shaking | obj |
| 20 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 22 did | mark |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 did | nsubj |
| 22 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 shaking | advcl |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 did | advmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 touched | punct |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 touched | cc |
| 26 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 29 stirred | mark |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 stirred | nsubj |
| 28 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 29 stirred | advmod |
| 29 | stirred | stir | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 touched | advcl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 stirred | punct |
| 31 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 touched | nsubj |
| 32 | touched | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 led | parataxis |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 touched | obj |
| 34 | lightly | lightly | ADV | _ | 32 touched | advmod |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 switch | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 switch | det |
| 37 | switch | switch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 touched | obl |
| 38 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 40 picked | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 picked | aux |
| 40 | picked | pick | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 switch | acl:relcl |
| 41 | up | up | ADP | _ | 40 picked | compound:prt |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 stable | case |
| 43 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 stable | nmod:poss |
| 44 | stable | stable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 picked | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 led | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | past | I | the animal | the open air | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent animal=Theme into air=Destination | |||
| 2 | jump | past | I not said here | animal's back | then | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on back=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | shake | gerund | the reins | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent rein=Patient | |||||
| 4 | do | past | I | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | not stir | past | animal | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | touch | past | I | animal | with a switch; lightly property | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Experiencer with switch=Instrument | |||
| 7 | pick up | past · perfect · passive | a switch not said here | I | animal's stable | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/12/80/