The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 13, sentence 47

Those who were nearest to the boat threw themselves into it, others sprang into the sea, but before I could save myself the whale plunged suddenly into the depths of the ocean, leaving me clinging to a piece of the wood which we had brought to make our fire.

Who acts: Those, others, I, nearest, our · What happens: be, throw, spring, save, plunge, leave · To what, where: islands, boat, sea, myself, depths, me

This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Those, others, I, nearest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	4 nearest	nsubj
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 nearest	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 nearest	cop
4	nearest	near	ADJ	Degree=Sup	27 plunged	nsubj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 boat	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 boat	det
7	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 threw	obl
8	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 nearest	parataxis
9	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	8 threw	obj
10	into	into	ADP	_	11 it	case
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 threw	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 sprang	punct
13	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 sprang	nsubj
14	sprang	spring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 threw	conj
15	into	into	ADP	_	17 sea	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 sea	det
17	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sprang	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 save	punct
19	but	but	CCONJ	_	23 save	cc
20	before	before	SCONJ	_	23 save	mark
21	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	23 save	nsubj
22	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 save	aux
23	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 nearest	parataxis
24	myself	myself	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	23 save	obj
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 whale	det
26	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 plunged	nsubj
27	plunged	plunge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
28	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	27 plunged	advmod
29	into	into	ADP	_	31 depths	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 depths	det
31	depths	depth	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 plunged	obl
32	of	of	ADP	_	34 ocean	case
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 ocean	det
34	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 depths	nmod
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 leaving	punct
36	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	27 plunged	advcl
37	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	36 leaving	obj
38	clinging	cling	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	36 leaving	conj
39	to	to	ADP	_	41 piece	case
40	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	41 piece	det
41	piece	piece	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 clinging	obl
42	of	of	ADP	_	44 wood	case
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 wood	det
44	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 piece	nmod
45	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	48 brought	nsubj:pass
46	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	48 brought	nsubj
47	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	48 brought	aux
48	brought	bring	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	44 wood	acl:relcl
49	to	to	PART	_	50 make	mark
50	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	48 brought	advcl
51	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	52 fire	nmod:poss
52	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 make	obj
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	27 plunged	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	past	Those			near property	tree rules
2	throw	past		islands = island	boat	to the boat	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer themselves=Theme into it=Result
3	spring	past	others		the sea		vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into sea=Destination
4	save	could	I	myself			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myself=Theme
5	plunge	past	nearest		the depths of the ocean	suddenly property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into depth=Initial_Location
6	leave	gerund	nearest not said here	me			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme
7	cling	gerund	nearest not said here			to a piece of the wood	vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to piece=Co-Theme
8	bring	past · perfect · passive		the wood			vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: subject=Theme
9	make	to-infinitive		our fire			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fire=Product
10	fire		our				nom fire «event transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/13/47/