The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 14, sentence 20

By this time the sun was near setting, but quite suddenly it fell dark, something like a huge black cloud came swiftly over me, and I saw with amazement that it was a bird of extraordinary size which was hovering near.

Who acts: sun, huge black cloud, I, cloud, extraordinary size · What happens: be, fall, come, see, hover · To what, where: setting, bird · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, huge black cloud, I, cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 time	case
2	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 time	det
3	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 setting	obl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sun	det
5	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 setting	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 setting	cop
7	near	near	ADP	_	8 setting	case
8	setting	setting	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 fell	punct
10	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 fell	cc
11	quite	quite	ADV	_	12 suddenly	advmod
12	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	14 fell	advmod
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 fell	nsubj
14	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 setting	advcl
15	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 fell	xcomp
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 something	punct
17	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	8 setting	conj
18	like	like	SCONJ	_	23 came	mark
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 cloud	det
20	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 cloud	amod
21	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 cloud	amod
22	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 came	nsubj
23	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 something	acl
24	swiftly	swiftly	ADV	_	23 came	advmod
25	over	over	ADP	_	26 me	case
26	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	23 came	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 saw	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 saw	cc
29	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	30 saw	nsubj
30	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 setting	conj
31	with	with	ADP	_	32 amazement	case
32	amazement	amazement	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 saw	obl
33	that	that	SCONJ	_	37 bird	mark
34	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 bird	nsubj
35	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	37 bird	cop
36	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 bird	det
37	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 saw	ccomp
38	of	of	ADP	_	40 size	case
39	extraordinary	extraordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 size	amod
40	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 bird	nmod
41	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	43 hovering	nsubj
42	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	43 hovering	aux
43	hovering	hover	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	40 size	acl:relcl
44	near	near	ADV	_	43 hovering	advmod
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 setting	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the sun		setting	time		tree rules
2	fall	past	sun				dark, suddenly property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	come	past	a huge black cloud				over me; swiftly property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme over i=Initial_Location
4	see	past	I				with amazement	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
5	is a	past	cloud	a bird			of extraordinary size	tree rules
6	hover	past · progressive	extraordinary size				near property	vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/14/20/