The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 15, sentence 13
When we believed him to be really gone we started up bemoaning our horrible fate, until the hall echoed with our despairing cries.
Who acts: we, hall, our · What happens: believe, be, start up, bemoan, echo, despair · To what, where: giant, horrible fate · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, hall, our), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 believed | advmod |
| 2 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 believed | nsubj |
| 3 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 started | advcl |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 believed | obj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 gone | mark |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 8 gone | cop |
| 7 | really | really | ADV | _ | 8 gone | advmod |
| 8 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 believed | ccomp |
| 9 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 started | nsubj |
| 10 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | up | up | ADP | _ | 10 started | compound:prt |
| 12 | bemoaning | bemoan | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 started | xcomp |
| 13 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 fate | nmod:poss |
| 14 | horrible | horrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 fate | amod |
| 15 | fate | fate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 bemoaning | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 echoed | punct |
| 17 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 20 echoed | mark |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 hall | det |
| 19 | hall | hall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 echoed | nsubj |
| 20 | echoed | echo | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 started | conj |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 cries | case |
| 22 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 cries | nmod:poss |
| 23 | despairing | despair | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 cries | amod |
| 24 | cries | cry | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 echoed | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 started | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | past | we | giant | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | to-infinitive | go property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | start up | past | we | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | bemoan | gerund | we not said here | our horrible fate | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | echo | past | the hall | with our despairing cries | vn sound_existence-47.4 «NP.location V NP.theme»: agent=Location with cry=Theme | ||||
| 6 | despair | gerund | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 7 | fate | our | nom fate «event transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 8 | cry | our | nom cry «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/15/13/