The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 15, sentence 26
As soon as he had finished his horrible repast he lay down to sleep as before, and when we heard him begin to snore I, and nine of the boldest of my comrades, rose softly, and took each a spit, which we made red-hot in the fire, and then at a given signal we plunged it with one accord into the giant's eye, completely blinding him.
Who acts: number, we, spit · What happens: finish, lie down, sleep, hear, begin, snore · To what, where: horrible repast, nine, number, I, spit, fire · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (number, we, spit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | ADV | _ | 2 soon | advmod |
| 2 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 11 lay | advmod |
| 3 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 6 finished | mark |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 finished | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 finished | aux |
| 6 | finished | finish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 lay | advcl |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 repast | nmod:poss |
| 8 | horrible | horrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 repast | amod |
| 9 | repast | repast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 finished | obj |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 lay | nsubj |
| 11 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | down | down | ADV | _ | 11 lay | advmod |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 sleep | mark |
| 14 | sleep | sleep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 lay | advcl |
| 15 | as | as | ADP | _ | 16 before | case |
| 16 | before | before | ADV | _ | 14 sleep | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 heard | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 heard | cc |
| 19 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 heard | advmod |
| 20 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 heard | nsubj |
| 21 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 lay | conj |
| 22 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 heard | obj |
| 23 | begin | begin | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 heard | ccomp |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 snore | mark |
| 25 | snore | snore | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 begin | xcomp |
| 26 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 snore | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 nine | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 nine | cc |
| 29 | nine | nine | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 lay | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 boldest | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 boldest | det |
| 32 | boldest | bold | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 29 nine | nmod |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 comrades | case |
| 34 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 comrades | nmod:poss |
| 35 | comrades | comrade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 boldest | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 rose | punct |
| 37 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 lay | conj |
| 38 | softly | softly | ADV | _ | 37 rose | advmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 took | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 took | cc |
| 41 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 lay | conj |
| 42 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 44 spit | det |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 spit | det |
| 44 | spit | spit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 took | obj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 made | punct |
| 46 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 48 made | nsubj |
| 47 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 48 made | nsubj |
| 48 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 spit | acl:relcl |
| 49 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 hot | amod |
| 50 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 49 red | punct |
| 51 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 made | xcomp |
| 52 | in | in | ADP | _ | 54 fire | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 fire | det |
| 54 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 made | obl |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 plunged | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 63 plunged | cc |
| 57 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 63 plunged | advmod |
| 58 | at | at | ADP | _ | 61 signal | case |
| 59 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 61 signal | det |
| 60 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 61 signal | amod |
| 61 | signal | signal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 plunged | obl |
| 62 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 63 plunged | nsubj |
| 63 | plunged | plunge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 took | conj |
| 64 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 63 plunged | obj |
| 65 | with | with | ADP | _ | 67 accord | case |
| 66 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 67 accord | nummod |
| 67 | accord | accord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 plunged | obl |
| 68 | into | into | ADP | _ | 72 eye | case |
| 69 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 70 giant | det |
| 70 | giant | giant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 72 eye | nmod:poss |
| 71 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 70 giant | case |
| 72 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 plunged | obl |
| 73 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 75 blinding | punct |
| 74 | completely | completely | ADV | _ | 75 blinding | advmod |
| 75 | blinding | blind | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 63 plunged | advcl |
| 76 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 75 blinding | obj |
| 77 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 lay | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | finish | past · perfect | number | number's horrible repast | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector repast=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | lie down | past | number | nine of the boldest | down, soon property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | sleep | to-infinitive | number not said here | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | hear | past | we | number | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | begin | infinitive | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 6 | snore | to-infinitive | I | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme | |||||
| 7 | rise | past | number not said here | softly property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | take | past | number not said here | each spit | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spit=Theme | ||||
| 9 | make | past | each spit | the fire | hot property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||
| 10 | give | participle | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 11 | plunge | past | we | repast | a given signal | then | with one accord; into the giant's eye | tree rules | |
| 12 | blind | gerund | we not said here | number | completely property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/15/26/