The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 16, sentence 57
Here I lived in darkness and misery until my provisions were exhausted, but just as I was nearly dead from starvation the rock was rolled away overhead and I saw that a bier was being lowered into the cavern, and that the corpse upon it was a man.
Who acts: I, corpse, my · What happens: live, exhaust, be, roll away, see, lower · To what, where: darkness, provisions, rock, starvation, bier, cavern · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, corpse, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 lived | advmod |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 lived | nsubj |
| 3 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 darkness | case |
| 5 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lived | obl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 misery | cc |
| 7 | misery | misery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 darkness | conj |
| 8 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 12 exhausted | mark |
| 9 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 provisions | nmod:poss |
| 10 | provisions | provision | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 exhausted | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 exhausted | aux:pass |
| 12 | exhausted | exhaust | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 lived | advcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 dead | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 dead | cc |
| 15 | just | just | ADV | _ | 20 dead | advmod |
| 16 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 dead | mark |
| 17 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 dead | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 dead | cop |
| 19 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 20 dead | advmod |
| 20 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 lived | parataxis |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 starvation | case |
| 22 | starvation | starvation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 rolled | obl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 rock | det |
| 24 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 rolled | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 rolled | aux:pass |
| 26 | rolled | roll | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 dead | conj |
| 27 | away | away | ADV | _ | 26 rolled | advmod |
| 28 | overhead | overhead | ADV | _ | 26 rolled | advmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 saw | cc |
| 30 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 31 saw | nsubj |
| 31 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lived | conj |
| 32 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 lowered | mark |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 bier | det |
| 34 | bier | bier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 lowered | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 lowered | aux:pass |
| 36 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 37 lowered | aux:pass |
| 37 | lowered | lower | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 saw | ccomp |
| 38 | into | into | ADP | _ | 40 cavern | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 cavern | det |
| 40 | cavern | cavern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 lowered | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 man | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 man | cc |
| 43 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 50 man | mark |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 corpse | det |
| 45 | corpse | corpse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 man | nsubj |
| 46 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 47 it | case |
| 47 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 corpse | nmod |
| 48 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 man | cop |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 man | det |
| 50 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lived | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | I | darkness and misery; here | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in darkness=Location | ||||
| 2 | exhaust | past · passive | my provisions | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | is | past | I | dead, nearly property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | roll away | past · passive | the rock | starvation | away, overhead property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme from starvation=Trajectory | |||
| 5 | see | past | I | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | lower | past · passive | a bier | the cavern | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into cavern=Destination | ||||
| 7 | is a | past | the corpse upon cavern | a man | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | provide | my | nom provision «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/16/57/