The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 16, sentence 84
We determined, however, to explore it, but had not gone far when we found a roc's egg, as large as the one I had seen before and evidently very nearly hatched, for the beak of the young bird had already pierced the shell.
Who acts: We, I, beak · What happens: determine, explore, not go, find, see, hatch · To what, where: island, egg, shell
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, I, beak), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 determined | nsubj |
| 2 | determined | determine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 however | punct |
| 4 | however | however | ADV | _ | 2 determined | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 explore | punct |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 explore | mark |
| 7 | explore | explore | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 determined | conj |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 explore | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 gone | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 gone | cc |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 gone | aux |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 gone | advmod |
| 13 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 determined | conj |
| 14 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 13 gone | advmod |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 found | advmod |
| 16 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 found | nsubj |
| 17 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 gone | advcl |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 roc | det |
| 19 | roc | roc | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 egg | nmod:poss |
| 20 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 19 roc | case |
| 21 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 found | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 large | punct |
| 23 | as | as | ADV | _ | 24 large | advmod |
| 24 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 egg | amod |
| 25 | as | as | ADP | _ | 27 one | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 one | det |
| 27 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 seen | obl |
| 28 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 seen | nsubj |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 seen | aux |
| 30 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 24 large | parataxis |
| 31 | before | before | ADV | _ | 30 seen | advmod |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 hatched | cc |
| 33 | evidently | evidently | ADV | _ | 36 hatched | advmod |
| 34 | very | very | ADV | _ | 35 nearly | advmod |
| 35 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 36 hatched | advmod |
| 36 | hatched | hatch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 30 seen | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 beak | punct |
| 38 | for | for | ADP | _ | 40 beak | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 beak | det |
| 40 | beak | beak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 hatched | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 bird | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 bird | det |
| 43 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 bird | amod |
| 44 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 pierced | obl |
| 45 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 pierced | aux |
| 46 | already | already | ADV | _ | 47 pierced | advmod |
| 47 | pierced | pierce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 40 beak | acl:relcl |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 shell | det |
| 49 | shell | shell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 pierced | obj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 determined | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | determine | past | We | however property | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | explore | to-infinitive | We not said here | island | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent it=Location | ||||
| 3 | not go | past · perfect | We not said here | far property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | find | past | we | a roc's egg | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Topic | ||||
| 5 | see | past · perfect | I | as the one; before property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as one=Attribute | ||||
| 6 | hatch | participle | I not said here | for the beak; evidently, nearly property | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 7 | pierce | past · perfect | the beak not said here | the shell | of the young bird | vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/16/84/