The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 26, sentence 53
The gardener told him to cut down an old fruit tree which had quite died away, and Camaralzaman took an axe and fell to vigorously.
Who acts: gardener, old fruit tree, Camaralzaman · What happens: tell, cut down, die away, take, fall · To what, where: Prince, old fruit tree, axe · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gardener, old fruit tree, Camaralzaman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 gardener | det |
| 2 | gardener | gardener | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 told | nsubj |
| 3 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 told | iobj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 cut | mark |
| 6 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 told | xcomp |
| 7 | down | down | ADP | _ | 6 cut | compound:prt |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 tree | det |
| 9 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 tree | amod |
| 10 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 tree | compound |
| 11 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 cut | obj |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 died | nsubj |
| 13 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 died | aux |
| 14 | quite | quite | ADV | _ | 15 died | advmod |
| 15 | died | die | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 tree | acl:relcl |
| 16 | away | away | ADV | _ | 15 died | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 took | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 took | cc |
| 19 | Camaralzaman | Camaralzaman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 took | nsubj |
| 20 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 told | conj |
| 21 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 axe | det |
| 22 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 took | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 fell | cc |
| 24 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 took | conj |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 vigorously | mark |
| 26 | vigorously | vigorously | ADV | _ | 24 fell | advmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | the gardener | Prince | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | cut down not said to happen | to-infinitive | the gardener not said here | a old fruit tree | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tree=Product | ||||
| 3 | die away | past · perfect | a old fruit tree | away property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | take | past | Camaralzaman | a axe | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Theme | ||||
| 5 | fall | past | Camaralzaman not said here | vigorously property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/26/53/