The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 33, sentence 51
The little valley, or open space, was shut up by two mountains, whose sides were formed of straight cliffs, which no human being could climb.
Who acts: two mountains, human being · What happens: shut up, form, climb · To what, where: little valley, sides, straight cliffs
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 33. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two mountains, human being), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Checked tree. This sentence is in the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3 (gutenberg:pg128:2788): parsed by Mova, then checked and patched by a teacher model under UD validation gates — Mova annot: Rust (en) → Claude Opus (medium) patches; gates UD 2.18.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 valley | det |
| 2 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 valley | amod |
| 3 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 shut | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 space | punct |
| 5 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 space | cc |
| 6 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 space | amod |
| 7 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 valley | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 space | punct |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 shut | aux:pass |
| 10 | shut | shut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | up | up | ADP | _ | 10 shut | compound:prt |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 mountains | case |
| 13 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 mountains | nummod |
| 14 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 shut | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 formed | punct |
| 16 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 17 sides | nmod:poss |
| 17 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 formed | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 formed | aux:pass |
| 19 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 mountains | acl:relcl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 cliffs | case |
| 21 | straight | straight | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 cliffs | amod |
| 22 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 formed | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 climb | punct |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 climb | obj |
| 25 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 27 being | det |
| 26 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 being | amod |
| 27 | being | being | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 climb | nsubj |
| 28 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 climb | aux |
| 29 | climb | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 cliffs | acl:relcl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 shut | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shut up | past · passive | two mountains | the little valley or open space | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | form | past · passive | sides | of straight cliffs | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | climb | could | no human being | straight cliffs | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location which=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3, Apache-2.0 OR MIT. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/33/51/