The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 42, sentence 71
You have spoken of difficulties; tell me, I entreat you, what they are, so that I may know if I can overcome them, or see if they are beyond my strength."
Who acts: You, I, voices · What happens: speak, tell, entreat, know, overcome, see · To what, where: me, you, voices · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 42. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, I, voices), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 spoken | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 spoken | aux |
| 3 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 difficulties | case |
| 5 | difficulties | difficulty | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 spoken | obl:agent |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 7 tell | punct |
| 7 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 spoken | parataxis |
| 8 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 tell | iobj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 entreat | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 entreat | nsubj |
| 11 | entreat | entreat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 tell | ccomp |
| 12 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 11 entreat | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 what | punct |
| 14 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 11 entreat | parataxis |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 are | nsubj |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 what | acl:relcl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 know | punct |
| 18 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 22 know | mark |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 so | fixed |
| 20 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 know | nsubj |
| 21 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 know | aux |
| 22 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 entreat | parataxis |
| 23 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 26 overcome | mark |
| 24 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 overcome | nsubj |
| 25 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 overcome | aux |
| 26 | overcome | overcome | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 know | ccomp |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 overcome | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 see | punct |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 see | cc |
| 30 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 know | conj |
| 31 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 36 strength | mark |
| 32 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 strength | nsubj |
| 33 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 strength | cop |
| 34 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 36 strength | case |
| 35 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 strength | nmod:poss |
| 36 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 see | ccomp |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 spoken | punct |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 spoken | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | present · perfect | You | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | infinitive | me | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | entreat | present | I | you | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | know | may | I | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | overcome a condition, not said to happen | can | I | voices = voice | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot they=Theme | ||||
| 6 | see | infinitive | I not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | is a condition, not said to happen | present | voices = voice | beyond my strength | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/42/71/