The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 44, sentence 39
And the birds crowd to this spot, to add their songs to his."
Who acts: birds, voices · What happens: crowd, add, sing · To what, where: songs
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 44. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birds, voices), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 crowd | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 birds | det |
| 3 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 crowd | nsubj |
| 4 | crowd | crowd | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 spot | case |
| 6 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 spot | det |
| 7 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 crowd | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 add | punct |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 add | mark |
| 10 | add | add | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 crowd | conj |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 songs | nmod:poss |
| 12 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 add | obj |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 his | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 add | obj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 crowd | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 crowd | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crowd | present | the birds | to this spot | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | add speech: assert | to-infinitive | the birds not said here | voices's songs | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | sing | voices = voice | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/44/39/