The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 5, sentence 80
"Sir," answered the Sultan, "I am sure you have a good reason for not doing so, and having heard your cry of distress, I am come to offer you my help.
Who acts: Sultan, you, good reason, distress, my · What happens: answer, be, have, not do, hear, come · To what, where: good reason, cry, help, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sultan, you, good reason, distress), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 answered | punct |
| 2 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 answered | vocative |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sir | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 answered | punct |
| 5 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Sultan | det |
| 7 | Sultan | Sultan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 answered | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 sure | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 sure | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 sure | nsubj |
| 11 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 sure | cop |
| 12 | sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 answered | conj |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 have | nsubj |
| 14 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 sure | ccomp |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 reason | det |
| 16 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 reason | amod |
| 17 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 have | obj |
| 18 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 20 doing | mark |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 doing | advmod |
| 20 | doing | do | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 reason | acl |
| 21 | so | so | ADV | _ | 20 doing | advmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 heard | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 heard | cc |
| 24 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 heard | aux |
| 25 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 sure | parataxis |
| 26 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 cry | nmod:poss |
| 27 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 heard | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 distress | case |
| 29 | distress | distress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cry | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 come | punct |
| 31 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 33 come | nsubj |
| 32 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 come | aux |
| 33 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 heard | conj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 offer | mark |
| 35 | offer | offer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 come | xcomp |
| 36 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 35 offer | iobj |
| 37 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 help | nmod:poss |
| 38 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 offer | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 answered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | answer speech: assert | past | the Sultan | Sir vocative | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | the Sultan = sultan | sure property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | have in a quote | present | you | a good reason | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient | ||||
| 4 | not do in a quote | gerund | a good reason not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | hear in a quote | gerund · perfect | your cry of distress | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer cry=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | come in a quote | present | the Sultan = sultan | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | offer in a quote | to-infinitive | the Sultan = sultan not said here | my help | you | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent you=Goal help=Theme | |||
| 8 | cry in a quote | distress | nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 9 | help in a quote | my | nom help «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/5/80/