The Arabian Nights Entertainments, Opening, part 7, sentence 83
You must know that all this time the king, my uncle, was absent on a hunting expedition, and as no one knew when he would be back, I at last decided to return home, leaving the ministers to make my excuses.
Who acts: You, one, hearing, I, my · What happens: know, be, decide, return, leave, make · To what, where: hunting expedition, ministers, excuses · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, one, hearing, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 know | nsubj |
| 2 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 know | aux |
| 3 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 absent | mark |
| 5 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 time | det:predet |
| 6 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 time | det |
| 7 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 absent | obl:unmarked |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 king | det |
| 9 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 time | appos |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 uncle | punct |
| 11 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 uncle | nmod:poss |
| 12 | uncle | uncle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 king | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 time | punct |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 absent | cop |
| 15 | absent | absent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 know | ccomp |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 expedition | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 expedition | det |
| 18 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 expedition | compound |
| 19 | expedition | expedition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 absent | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 knew | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 knew | cc |
| 22 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 25 knew | mark |
| 23 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 24 one | det |
| 24 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 knew | nsubj |
| 25 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 know | conj |
| 26 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 30 back | advmod |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 back | nsubj |
| 28 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 back | aux |
| 29 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 30 back | cop |
| 30 | back | back | ADV | _ | 25 knew | advmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 decided | punct |
| 32 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 decided | nsubj |
| 33 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 35 decided | mark |
| 34 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 decided | nsubj |
| 35 | decided | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 know | conj |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 return | mark |
| 37 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 decided | xcomp |
| 38 | home | home | ADV | _ | 37 return | advmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 leaving | punct |
| 40 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 35 decided | advcl |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 ministers | det |
| 42 | ministers | minister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 leaving | obj |
| 43 | to | to | PART | _ | 44 make | mark |
| 44 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 leaving | advcl |
| 45 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 excuses | nmod:poss |
| 46 | excuses | excuse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 make | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | must | You | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | past | a hunting expedition | time | absent property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | know | past | no one | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is | would | hearing | back property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | decide | past | I | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | return not said to happen | to-infinitive | I not said here | home property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | leave | gerund | I not said here | the ministers | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent minister=Theme | ||||
| 8 | make | to-infinitive | I not said here | my excuses | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset excuse=Product | ||||
| 9 | excuse | my | nom excuse «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Arabian Nights Entertainments» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 128 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg128/7/83/