More English Fairy Tales, More English Fairy Tales, part 17, sentence 15
While watching these changes, the maiden was startled by the sound of an uncouth voice, which seemed to issue from below the self-bored stone, close beside her.
Who acts: sound · What happens: watch, startle, seem · To what, where: changes, maiden, issue
This is a sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 2 watching | mark |
| 2 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 startled | advcl |
| 3 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 changes | det |
| 4 | changes | change | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 watching | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 watching | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 maiden | det |
| 7 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 startled | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 startled | aux:pass |
| 9 | startled | startle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 sound | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 sound | det |
| 12 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 startled | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 voice | case |
| 14 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 voice | det |
| 15 | uncouth | uncouth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 voice | amod |
| 16 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sound | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 seemed | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 seemed | nsubj |
| 19 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 sound | acl:relcl |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 issue | mark |
| 21 | issue | issue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 seemed | xcomp |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 stone | case |
| 23 | below | below | ADP | _ | 28 stone | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 stone | det |
| 25 | self | self | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 bored | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 self | punct |
| 27 | bored | bored | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 stone | amod |
| 28 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 issue | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 close | punct |
| 30 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 stone | amod |
| 31 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 32 her | case |
| 32 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 close | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 startled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | watch | gerund | the sound of a uncouth voice not said here | this changes | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent change=Theme | ||||
| 2 | startle | past · passive | the sound of a uncouth voice | the maiden | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | seem | past | the sound of a uncouth voice | issue from the bored stone | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 14241 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg14241/31/15/