Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Queen, part 2, sentence 22

Little Gerda was very frightened, and began to cry; but no one heard her except the sparrows, and they could not carry her to land; but they flew along the bank, and sang as if to comfort her, “Here we are!

Who acts: Little Gerda, one, sparrows · What happens: be, begin, cry, hear, not carry, fly · To what, where: Gerda, land, bank · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Queen, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Little Gerda, one, sparrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 Gerda	amod
2	Gerda	Gerda	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 frightened	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 frightened	cop
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 frightened	advmod
5	frightened	frightened	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 began	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 began	cc
8	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 frightened	conj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 cry	mark
10	cry	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 began	xcomp
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 heard	punct
12	but	but	CCONJ	_	15 heard	cc
13	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	14 one	det
14	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 heard	nsubj
15	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 frightened	parataxis
16	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 heard	obj
17	except	except	ADP	_	19 sparrows	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 sparrows	det
19	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 heard	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 carry	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 carry	cc
22	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 carry	nsubj
23	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 carry	aux
24	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	25 carry	advmod
25	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 heard	conj
26	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 carry	obj
27	to	to	ADP	_	28 land	case
28	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 carry	obl
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	32 flew	punct
30	but	but	CCONJ	_	32 flew	cc
31	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 flew	nsubj
32	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 frightened	parataxis
33	along	along	ADP	_	35 bank	case
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 bank	det
35	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 flew	obl
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 sang	punct
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 sang	cc
38	sang	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 flew	conj
39	as	as	SCONJ	_	42 comfort	mark
40	if	if	SCONJ	_	42 comfort	mark
41	to	to	PART	_	42 comfort	mark
42	comfort	comfort	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	38 sang	advcl
43	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	42 comfort	obj
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 Here	punct
45	“	"	PUNCT	_	46 Here	punct
46	Here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	42 comfort	advmod
47	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	46 Here	nsubj
48	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 sang	conj
49	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 frightened	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	past	Little Gerda			frightened property	tree rules
2	begin	past	Little Gerda not said here				vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	cry speech: express	to-infinitive	Little Gerda not said here				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	hear	past	no one	Gerda		except the sparrows	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus
5	not carry	could	sparrows = sparrow	Gerda	land		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme to land=Destination
6	fly	past	sparrows = sparrow		the bank		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bank=Location
7	sing speech: express	past	sparrows = sparrow not said here				vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	comfort	to-infinitive	sparrows = sparrow not said here	Gerda	here		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer
9	be in a quote	present	sparrows = sparrow not said here				vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/12/22/