Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Queen, part 2, sentence 7

Nobody knew where he was; many sad tears were shed, and little Gerda wept long and bitterly; at last she said he must be dead; that he had been drowned in the river which flowed close to the town.

Who acts: Nobody, Kay, little Gerda, Gerda, river · What happens: know, be, shed, weep, say, drown · To what, where: many sad tears, last, Kay, river · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Queen, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nobody, Kay, little Gerda, Gerda), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 knew	nsubj
2	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	5 was	advmod
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 was	nsubj
5	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 knew	ccomp
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 shed	punct
7	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 tears	amod
8	sad	sad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 tears	amod
9	tears	tear	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 shed	nsubj:pass
10	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 shed	aux:pass
11	shed	shed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 knew	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 wept	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 wept	cc
14	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 Gerda	amod
15	Gerda	Gerda	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 wept	nsubj
16	wept	weep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 shed	conj
17	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 wept	xcomp
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 bitterly	cc
19	bitterly	bitterly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 long	conj
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 said	punct
21	at	at	ADP	_	22 last	case
22	last	last	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 said	obl
23	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 said	nsubj
24	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 knew	parataxis
25	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 dead	nsubj
26	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 dead	aux
27	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	28 dead	cop
28	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 said	ccomp
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	34 drowned	punct
30	that	that	SCONJ	_	34 drowned	mark
31	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 drowned	nsubj:pass
32	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	34 drowned	aux
33	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	34 drowned	aux:pass
34	drowned	drown	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 knew	conj
35	in	in	ADP	_	37 river	case
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 river	det
37	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 drowned	obl
38	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	39 flowed	nsubj
39	flowed	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	37 river	acl:relcl
40	close	close	ADV	Degree=Pos	39 flowed	advmod
41	to	to	ADP	_	43 town	case
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 town	det
43	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 close	obl
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 knew	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	know	past	Nobody				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	be	past	Kay				vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	shed	past · passive		many sad tears			vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Source
4	weep	past	little Gerda			long property	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	say speech: assert	past	Gerda		last		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
6	is	must	Kay			dead property	tree rules
7	drown	past · perfect · passive		Kay	the river		vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
8	flow	past	the river			close property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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