Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Queen, part 4, sentence 90

“These are my old northern-lights,” said the Reindeer, “look how they gleam!”

Who acts: These, old northern lights, lights · What happens: be, say, look, gleam · To what, where: old northern lights, Reindeer · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Queen, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, old northern lights, lights), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	“	"	PUNCT	_	8 lights	punct
2	These	this	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	8 lights	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 lights	cop
4	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 lights	nmod:poss
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 lights	amod
6	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 lights	amod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 northern	punct
8	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 said	nsubj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 lights	punct
10	”	"	PUNCT	_	8 lights	punct
11	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Reindeer	det
13	Reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 said	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 look	punct
15	“	"	PUNCT	_	16 look	punct
16	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 said	ccomp
17	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	19 gleam	advmod
18	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 gleam	nsubj
19	gleam	gleam	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 look	advcl
20	!	!	PUNCT	_	16 look	punct
21	”	"	PUNCT	_	16 look	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	These	my old northern lights	tree rules
2	say speech: express	past	my old northern lights	the Reindeer	tree rules
3	look in a quote	infinitive			vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
4	gleam in a quote	present	lights = light		vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/14/90/