The Aesop for Children, The Wolf and the Ass, sentence 4
When the Wolf came up, he asked the Ass what had made him lame, and the Ass replied that he had stepped on a sharp thorn.
Who acts: Wolf, Ass · What happens: come up, ask, make, reply, step · To what, where: Ass, Wolf, sharp thorn · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Wolf and the Ass. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wolf, Ass), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 4 came | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Wolf | det |
| 3 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 came | nsubj |
| 4 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 asked | advcl |
| 5 | up | up | ADV | _ | 4 came | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 came | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 asked | nsubj |
| 8 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Ass | det |
| 10 | Ass | ass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 asked | obj |
| 11 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 13 made | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 made | aux |
| 13 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 Ass | acl:relcl |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 made | obj |
| 15 | lame | lame | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 made | xcomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 replied | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 replied | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Ass | det |
| 19 | Ass | Ass | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 replied | nsubj |
| 20 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 asked | parataxis |
| 21 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 stepped | mark |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 stepped | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 stepped | aux |
| 24 | stepped | step | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 replied | ccomp |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 thorn | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 thorn | det |
| 27 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 thorn | amod |
| 28 | thorn | thorn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 stepped | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come up | past | the Wolf | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | Wolf | the Ass | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ass=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | make | past · perfect · passive | the Ass | lame property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary he=Product | ||||
| 4 | reply speech: assert | past | the Ass | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | step | past · perfect · passive | Wolf | a sharp thorn | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg19994/62/4/