Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Literally Translated From the Greek, sentence 129
The second of these is an improvement on its predecessor, but Mr. James, either out of compliance with the wishes of the publishers, or in condescension to the taste prevalent some twenty years ago, has so freely introduced as the point of the fable conventional English sayings which are not sanctioned by the Greek, and which in many instances are scarcely equivalent to it, that his version frequently approaches a paraphrase rather than a translation.
Who acts: these, Greek, version, publishers · What happens: be, introduce, not sanction, approach, wish, point · To what, where: predecessor, conventional English sayings, instance, many instances, paraphrase, fable
This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Literally Translated From the Greek. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (these, Greek, version, publishers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 second | det |
| 2 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 42 introduced | advcl |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 improvement | case |
| 4 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 7 improvement | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 improvement | cop |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 improvement | det |
| 7 | improvement | improvement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 second | obl |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 predecessor | case |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 predecessor | nmod:poss |
| 10 | predecessor | predecessor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 improvement | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 has | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 39 has | cc |
| 13 | Mr. | Mr. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 James | nmod:desc |
| 14 | James | James | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 has | nsubj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 compliance | punct |
| 16 | either | either | CCONJ | _ | 19 compliance | cc:preconj |
| 17 | out | out | ADP | _ | 19 compliance | case |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 compliance | case |
| 19 | compliance | compliance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 James | appos |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 wishes | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 wishes | det |
| 22 | wishes | wish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 compliance | nmod |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 publishers | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 publishers | det |
| 25 | publishers | publisher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 wishes | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 condescension | punct |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 29 condescension | cc |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 condescension | case |
| 29 | condescension | condescension | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 publishers | conj |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 prevalent | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 prevalent | det |
| 32 | taste | taste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 prevalent | compound |
| 33 | prevalent | prevalent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 condescension | nmod |
| 34 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 36 years | det |
| 35 | twenty | twenty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 years | nummod |
| 36 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 37 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 33 prevalent | advmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 James | punct |
| 39 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 introduced | aux |
| 40 | so | so | ADV | _ | 42 introduced | advmod |
| 41 | freely | freely | ADV | _ | 42 introduced | advmod |
| 42 | introduced | introduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 43 | as | as | ADP | _ | 45 point | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 point | det |
| 45 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 introduced | obl |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 fable | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 fable | det |
| 48 | fable | fable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 point | nmod |
| 49 | conventional | conventional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 sayings | amod |
| 50 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 sayings | compound |
| 51 | sayings | saying | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 point | nmod |
| 52 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 55 sanctioned | nsubj:pass |
| 53 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 55 sanctioned | aux:pass |
| 54 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 55 sanctioned | advmod |
| 55 | sanctioned | sanction | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 51 sayings | acl:relcl |
| 56 | by | by | ADP | _ | 58 Greek | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 Greek | det |
| 58 | Greek | Greek | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 sanctioned | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 equivalent | punct |
| 60 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 equivalent | cc |
| 61 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 67 equivalent | nsubj |
| 62 | in | in | ADP | _ | 64 instances | case |
| 63 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 instances | amod |
| 64 | instances | instance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 67 equivalent | obl |
| 65 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 67 equivalent | cop |
| 66 | scarcely | scarcely | ADV | _ | 67 equivalent | advmod |
| 67 | equivalent | equivalent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 Greek | amod |
| 68 | to | to | ADP | _ | 69 it | case |
| 69 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 67 equivalent | obl |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 75 approaches | punct |
| 71 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 75 approaches | mark |
| 72 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 73 version | nmod:poss |
| 73 | version | version | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 approaches | nsubj |
| 74 | frequently | frequently | ADV | _ | 75 approaches | advmod |
| 75 | approaches | approach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 55 sanctioned | conj |
| 76 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 77 paraphrase | det |
| 77 | paraphrase | paraphrase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 75 approaches | obj |
| 78 | rather | rather | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 81 translation | cc |
| 79 | than | than | ADP | _ | 78 rather | fixed |
| 80 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 81 translation | det |
| 81 | translation | translation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 paraphrase | conj |
| 82 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 42 introduced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | these | improvement's predecessor | of a improvement | tree rules | |||
| 2 | introduce | present · perfect | as the point of the fable conventional English sayings; freely property | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | not sanction | present · passive | the Greek | conventional English sayings | vn allow-64.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary | ||||
| 4 | is | present | the Greek | instance | many instances | equivalent, scarcely property | tree rules | ||
| 5 | approach | present | James's version | a paraphrase rather a translation | frequently property | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paraphrase=Theme | |||
| 6 | wish | the publishers or condescension to the taste prevalent | nom wish «feeling intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 7 | point | the fable | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/1/129/