Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 8, sentence 70

An old oak, lamenting when too late the destruction of his companions, said to a neighboring cedar, “The first step has lost us all.

Who acts: old oak · What happens: lament, say, neighbor, lose, destroy · To what, where: destruction, neighboring cedar, first step, companions · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old oak), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 oak	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 oak	amod
3	oak	oak	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 said	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 lamenting	punct
5	lamenting	lament	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 oak	acl
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	7 too	advmod
7	too	too	ADV	_	8 late	advmod
8	late	late	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 lamenting	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 destruction	det
10	destruction	destruction	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lamenting	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 companions	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 companions	nmod:poss
13	companions	companion	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 destruction	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 oak	punct
15	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
16	to	to	ADP	_	19 cedar	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 cedar	det
18	neighboring	neighbor	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 cedar	amod
19	cedar	cedar	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 said	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 lost	punct
21	“	"	PUNCT	_	26 lost	punct
22	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 step	det
23	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	24 step	amod
24	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 lost	nsubj:pass
25	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 lost	aux
26	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 said	ccomp
27	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 lost	obj
28	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	27 us	nmod:unmarked
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 said	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	lament	gerund	a old oak not said here	the destruction of MAN's companions		late property	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer destruction=Stimulus
2	say speech: assert	past	a old oak		a neighboring cedar		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to cedar=Recipient clause=Topic
3	neighbor	gerund					vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
4	lose in a quote	present · perfect · passive		the first step			tree rules
5	destroy			MAN's companions			nom destruction «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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