Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 11, sentence 16
One of their company, an old man, said, “Let us cease lamenting, my mates, for, as it seems to me, sorrow is always the twin sister of joy; and it was only to be looked for that we, who just now were over-rejoiced, should next have something to make us sad.”
Who acts: One company, us, it, sorrow, we · What happens: say, let, cease, lament, seem, be · To what, where: us, mates, One company, twin sister, sorrow, something · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One company, us, it, sorrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 company | nummod |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 company | case |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 company | nmod:poss |
| 4 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 man | punct |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 man | det |
| 7 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 man | amod |
| 8 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 company | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 company | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 Let | punct |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 Let | punct |
| 13 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 said | ccomp |
| 14 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 Let | obj |
| 15 | cease | cease | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 Let | xcomp |
| 16 | lamenting | lament | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 cease | xcomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 mates | punct |
| 18 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 mates | nmod:poss |
| 19 | mates | mate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 lamenting | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 seems | punct |
| 21 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 25 seems | mark |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 seems | punct |
| 23 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 25 seems | mark |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 seems | nsubj |
| 25 | seems | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 Let | parataxis |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 me | case |
| 27 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 seems | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 sister | punct |
| 29 | sorrow | sorrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 sister | nsubj |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 sister | cop |
| 31 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 34 sister | advmod |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 sister | det |
| 33 | twin | twin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 sister | compound |
| 34 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 seems | parataxis |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 joy | case |
| 36 | joy | joy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 sister | nmod |
| 37 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 44 looked | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 looked | cc |
| 39 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 looked | nsubj:pass |
| 40 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 looked | aux:pass |
| 41 | only | only | ADV | _ | 44 looked | advmod |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 44 looked | mark |
| 43 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 44 looked | aux:pass |
| 44 | looked | look | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 57 have | advcl |
| 45 | for | for | ADP | _ | 46 that | case |
| 46 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 44 looked | obl |
| 47 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 53 over-rejoiced | nsubj |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 over-rejoiced | punct |
| 49 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 53 over-rejoiced | nsubj |
| 50 | just | just | ADV | _ | 51 now | advmod |
| 51 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 53 over-rejoiced | advmod |
| 52 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 53 over-rejoiced | cop |
| 53 | over-rejoiced | over-rejoiced | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 looked | conj |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 have | punct |
| 55 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 57 have | aux |
| 56 | next | next | ADV | _ | 57 have | advmod |
| 57 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 said | ccomp |
| 58 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 57 have | obj |
| 59 | to | to | PART | _ | 60 make | mark |
| 60 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 58 something | acl |
| 61 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 60 make | obj |
| 62 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 make | xcomp |
| 63 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 57 have | punct |
| 64 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 57 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | nets's One company and a old man | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | let in a quote | infinitive | us | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | cease in a quote | infinitive | us not said here | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | lament in a quote | gerund | us not said here | my mates | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | seem in a quote | present | it | nets's One company and a old man = company | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | is a in a quote | present | sorrow | the twin sister | of joy; always property | tree rules | |||
| 7 | look in a quote | past · passive | sorrow | for that | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute | ||||
| 8 | is in a quote | past | we | now | over-rejoiced property | tree rules | |||
| 9 | have in a quote | should | something | next property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient | ||||
| 10 | make in a quote | to-infinitive | us | sad property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset we=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/13/16/