Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 12, sentence 30
At last coming upon a Fox, he tried to frighten him also, but the Fox no sooner heard the sound of his voice than he exclaimed, “I might possibly have been frightened myself, if I had not heard your bray.”
Who acts: Ass, Fox, your · What happens: come, try, frighten, hear, exclaim, not hear · To what, where: Ass, sound, bray · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ass, Fox, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | SCONJ | _ | 3 coming | mark |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 coming | amod |
| 3 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 tried | advcl |
| 4 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 6 Fox | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 Fox | det |
| 6 | Fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 coming | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 coming | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 tried | nsubj |
| 9 | tried | try | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 frighten | mark |
| 11 | frighten | frighten | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 tried | xcomp |
| 12 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 frighten | obj |
| 13 | also | also | ADV | _ | 11 frighten | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 heard | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 heard | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Fox | det |
| 17 | Fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 heard | nsubj |
| 18 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 19 sooner | det |
| 19 | sooner | soon | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 20 heard | advmod |
| 20 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 tried | parataxis |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 sound | det |
| 22 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 heard | obj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 voice | case |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 voice | nmod:poss |
| 25 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 sound | nmod |
| 26 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 28 exclaimed | mark |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 exclaimed | nsubj |
| 28 | exclaimed | exclaim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 heard | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 frightened | punct |
| 30 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 frightened | punct |
| 31 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 frightened | aux |
| 33 | possibly | possibly | ADV | _ | 36 frightened | advmod |
| 34 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 36 frightened | aux |
| 35 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 36 frightened | aux:pass |
| 36 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 exclaimed | parataxis |
| 37 | myself | myself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 36 frightened | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 heard | punct |
| 39 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 43 heard | mark |
| 40 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 43 heard | nsubj |
| 41 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 heard | aux |
| 42 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 43 heard | advmod |
| 43 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 36 frightened | conj |
| 44 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 bray | nmod:poss |
| 45 | bray | bray | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 heard | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 tried | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 tried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | gerund | Ass not said here | upon a Fox | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon fox=Location | ||||
| 2 | try | past | Ass | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | frighten not said to happen | to-infinitive | Ass not said here | Ass | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | hear | past | the Fox | the sound of Ass's voice | soon property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | exclaim speech: express | past | Ass | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | frighten in a quote | might · perfect · passive | Ass | possibly property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer myself=Result | ||||
| 7 | not hear a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | past · perfect | Ass | your bray | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bray=Stimulus | ||||
| 8 | bray in a quote | your | nom bray «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/14/30/