Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 1, sentence 46
On working days we see the peasants driving afield in the early morn with their long lines of carts, to till the soil, or ply the scythe or sickle or axe, till the day is done and their rude carts come creaking back.
Who acts: we, peasants, rude carts · What happens: work, see, drive, till, ply, do · To what, where: peasants, afield, early morn, soil, scythe, day
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, peasants, rude carts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 days | case |
| 2 | working | work | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 days | amod |
| 3 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 see | obl |
| 4 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 see | nsubj |
| 5 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 peasants | det |
| 7 | peasants | peasant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 see | obj |
| 8 | driving | drive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 peasants | acl |
| 9 | afield | afield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 driving | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 morn | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 morn | det |
| 12 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 morn | amod |
| 13 | morn | morn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 driving | obl |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 lines | case |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 lines | nmod:poss |
| 16 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 lines | amod |
| 17 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 driving | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 carts | case |
| 19 | carts | cart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 lines | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 till | punct |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 till | mark |
| 22 | till | till | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 see | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 soil | det |
| 24 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 till | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 ply | punct |
| 26 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 27 ply | cc |
| 27 | ply | ply | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 till | conj |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 scythe | det |
| 29 | scythe | scythe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 ply | obj |
| 30 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 sickle | cc |
| 31 | sickle | sickle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 scythe | conj |
| 32 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 33 axe | cc |
| 33 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 scythe | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 done | punct |
| 35 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 39 done | mark |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 day | det |
| 37 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 done | nsubj |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 done | aux:pass |
| 39 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 ply | parataxis |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 come | cc |
| 41 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 carts | nmod:poss |
| 42 | rude | rude | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 carts | amod |
| 43 | carts | cart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 come | nsubj |
| 44 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 done | conj |
| 45 | creaking | creak | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 44 come | xcomp |
| 46 | back | back | ADV | _ | 45 creaking | advmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | work | gerund | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | see | present | we | the peasants | day | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer peasant=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | drive | gerund | the peasants not said here | afield | the early morn | with villagers's long lines of carts | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent afield=Theme in morn=Destination | ||
| 4 | till | to-infinitive | we not said here | the soil | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | ply | infinitive | we not said here | the scythe or sickle or axe | vn equip-13.4.2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent scythe=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | do | present · passive | the day | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | come | present | villagers's rude carts | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | creak back | gerund | villagers's rude carts not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/11/46/