Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 7, sentence 19
In Scotland it is told, in a slightly different form, of two old maids who were once found bathed in tears, and who were obliged to confess that they had been day-dreaming and supposing--if they had been married, and one had had a boy and the other a girl; and if the children, when they grew up, had married, and had had a little child; and if it had tumbled out of the window and been killed--what a dreadful thing it would have been.
Who acts: two old maids, horns, one, children · What happens: tell, find, bath, oblige, confess, dream · To what, where: world, children, Scotland, two old maids, tears, horns · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two old maids, horns, one, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 Scotland | case |
| 2 | Scotland | Scotland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 told | obl |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 told | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 told | aux:pass |
| 5 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 form | punct |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 form | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 form | det |
| 9 | slightly | slightly | ADV | _ | 10 different | advmod |
| 10 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 form | amod |
| 11 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 told | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 maids | punct |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 maids | case |
| 14 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 maids | nummod |
| 15 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 maids | amod |
| 16 | maids | maid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 told | obl |
| 17 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 found | nsubj |
| 18 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 found | aux:pass |
| 19 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 20 found | advmod |
| 20 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 maids | acl:relcl |
| 21 | bathed | bath | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 found | xcomp |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 tears | case |
| 23 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 bathed | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 obliged | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 obliged | cc |
| 26 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 obliged | nsubj |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 obliged | aux:pass |
| 28 | obliged | oblige | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 told | conj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 confess | mark |
| 30 | confess | confess | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 obliged | xcomp |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 dreaming | mark |
| 32 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 dreaming | nsubj |
| 33 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 dreaming | aux |
| 34 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 37 dreaming | aux |
| 35 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dreaming | compound |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 day | punct |
| 37 | dreaming | dream | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 confess | advcl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 supposing | cc |
| 39 | supposing | suppose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 37 dreaming | conj |
| 40 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 45 married | punct |
| 41 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 45 married | mark |
| 42 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 married | nsubj:pass |
| 43 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 married | aux |
| 44 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 45 married | aux:pass |
| 45 | married | marry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 obliged | conj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 had | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 had | cc |
| 48 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 50 had | nsubj |
| 49 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 had | aux |
| 50 | had | have | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 obliged | parataxis |
| 51 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 52 boy | det |
| 52 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 had | obj |
| 53 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 girl | cc |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 other | det |
| 55 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 girl | amod |
| 56 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 57 girl | det |
| 57 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 boy | conj |
| 58 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 62 children | punct |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 children | cc |
| 60 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 62 children | mark |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 children | det |
| 62 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 told | iobj |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 grew | punct |
| 64 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 66 grew | advmod |
| 65 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 66 grew | nsubj |
| 66 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 62 children | acl:relcl |
| 67 | up | up | ADP | _ | 66 grew | compound:prt |
| 68 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 married | punct |
| 69 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 70 married | aux |
| 70 | married | marry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 66 grew | conj |
| 71 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 had | punct |
| 72 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 had | cc |
| 73 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 74 had | aux |
| 74 | had | have | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 70 married | conj |
| 75 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 77 child | det |
| 76 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 77 child | amod |
| 77 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 had | obj |
| 78 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 83 tumbled | punct |
| 79 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 83 tumbled | cc |
| 80 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 83 tumbled | mark |
| 81 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 83 tumbled | nsubj:pass |
| 82 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 83 tumbled | aux |
| 83 | tumbled | tumble | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 62 children | acl |
| 84 | out | out | ADP | _ | 87 window | case |
| 85 | of | of | ADP | _ | 87 window | case |
| 86 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 87 window | det |
| 87 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 83 tumbled | obl |
| 88 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 90 killed | cc |
| 89 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 90 killed | aux:pass |
| 90 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 83 tumbled | conj |
| 91 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 92 what | punct |
| 92 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 62 children | parataxis |
| 93 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 95 thing | det |
| 94 | dreadful | dreadful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 95 thing | amod |
| 95 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 92 what | nsubj |
| 96 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 99 been | nsubj |
| 97 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 99 been | aux |
| 98 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 99 been | aux |
| 99 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 95 thing | acl:relcl |
| 100 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | present · passive | world | the children | Scotland | in a different form; of two old maids | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient child=Topic | ||
| 2 | find | past · passive | two old maids | once property | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 3 | bath | participle | two old maids not said here | tears | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | oblige | past · passive | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result | ||||||
| 5 | confess | to-infinitive | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | dream | past · perfect · progressive | horns = horn | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | suppose | gerund | horns = horn not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | marry a condition, not said to happen | past · perfect · passive | horns = horn | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 9 | have | past · perfect | one | a boy and a other girl | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Patient | ||||
| 10 | grow up | past | horns = horn | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 11 | marry | past · perfect | horns = horn not said here | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 12 | have | past · perfect | horns = horn not said here | a little child | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient | ||||
| 13 | tumble a condition, not said to happen | past · perfect · passive | the children not said here | world | the window | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 14 | kill | participle · passive | the children not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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