Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 3, sentence 102
His name is by some mythologists derived from _kost'_, a bone whence comes a verb signifying to become ossified, petrified, or frozen; either because he is bony of limb, or because he produces an effect akin to freezing or petrifaction.
Who acts: name, verb, spirit · What happens: be, derive, come, signify, become, ossify · To what, where: bone, kost, verb, effect akin
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (name, verb, spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 name | nmod:poss |
| 2 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 derived | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 mythologists | cop |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 mythologists | case |
| 5 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 mythologists | det |
| 6 | mythologists | mythologist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 derived | nsubj |
| 7 | derived | derive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 kost | case |
| 9 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 10 kost | punct |
| 10 | kost | kost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 derived | obl |
| 11 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 10 kost | punct |
| 12 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 7 derived | punct |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 bone | punct |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 bone | det |
| 15 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 derived | obl |
| 16 | whence | whence | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 comes | advmod |
| 17 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 bone | acl:relcl |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 verb | det |
| 19 | verb | verb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 comes | obj |
| 20 | signifying | signify | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 verb | acl |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 become | mark |
| 22 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 signifying | xcomp |
| 23 | ossified | ossify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 become | xcomp |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 petrified | punct |
| 25 | petrified | petrify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 ossified | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 frozen | punct |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 28 frozen | cc |
| 28 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 ossified | conj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 bony | punct |
| 30 | either | either | ADV | PronType=Ind | 34 bony | advmod |
| 31 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 34 bony | mark |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 bony | nsubj |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 bony | cop |
| 34 | bony | bony | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 derived | parataxis |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 limb | case |
| 36 | limb | limb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 bony | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 produces | punct |
| 38 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 41 produces | cc |
| 39 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 41 produces | mark |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 produces | nsubj |
| 41 | produces | produce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 bony | parataxis |
| 42 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 akin | det |
| 43 | effect | effect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 akin | compound |
| 44 | akin | akin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 produces | obj |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 46 freezing | case |
| 46 | freezing | freezing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 akin | nmod |
| 47 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 48 petrifaction | cc |
| 48 | petrifaction | petrifaction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 freezing | conj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 derived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | by some mythologists | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | derive | past | spirit's name | a bone | kost | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from kost=Material | |||
| 3 | come | present | a verb | whence property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location verb=Theme | ||||
| 4 | signify | gerund | a verb not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | become | to-infinitive | a verb not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | ossify | participle | a verb not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 7 | petrify | participle | a verb not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 8 | freeze | participle | a verb not said here | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 9 | is | present | name | of limb; bony, either property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | produce | present | name | a effect akin | to freezing or petrifaction | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent akin=Result | |||
| 11 | name | spirit | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/21/102/