Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Magic and Witchcraft., part 4, sentence 58
From goodness knows whence appeared a horse, the earth quaking beneath it, a flame rushing from its ears and nostrils.
Who acts: earth, flame · What happens: know, appear, quake, rush · To what, where: goodness, horse, earth, ears · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Magic and Witchcraft., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earth, flame), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 2 goodness | case |
| 2 | goodness | goodness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knows | obl |
| 3 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | whence | whence | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 appeared | advmod |
| 5 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 knows | ccomp |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 horse | det |
| 7 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 appeared | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 earth | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 earth | det |
| 10 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 horse | appos |
| 11 | quaking | quake | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 earth | acl |
| 12 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 13 it | case |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 quaking | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 flame | punct |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 flame | det |
| 16 | flame | flame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 horse | appos |
| 17 | rushing | rush | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 flame | acl |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 ears | case |
| 19 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 ears | nmod:poss |
| 20 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 rushing | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 nostrils | cc |
| 22 | nostrils | nostril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 ears | conj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 knows | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | goodness | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | appear | past | a horse | whence property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location horse=Theme | ||||
| 3 | quake | gerund | the earth not said here | earth | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath it=Location | ||||
| 4 | rush | gerund | a flame not said here | flame's ears and nostrils | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from ear=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/45/58/