Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 2, sentence 63
The Bulgarians say that forked lightning is the lance of Ilya who is chasing the Lamia fiend: summer lightning is due to the sheen of that lance, or to the fire issuing from the nostrils of his celestial steeds.
Who acts: Bulgarians, that, lightning, lance, summer lightning, fire · What happens: say, fork, be, chase, issue · To what, where: lance, Lamia fiend, nostrils · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bulgarians, that, lightning, lance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Bulgarians | det |
| 2 | Bulgarians | Bulgarian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 say | nsubj |
| 3 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 forked | nsubj |
| 5 | forked | fork | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 say | ccomp |
| 6 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lance | nsubj |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 lance | cop |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 lance | det |
| 9 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 forked | ccomp |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Ilya | case |
| 11 | Ilya | Ilya | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 lance | nmod |
| 12 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 chasing | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 chasing | aux |
| 14 | chasing | chase | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 lance | acl:relcl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 fiend | det |
| 16 | Lamia | lamia | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 fiend | compound |
| 17 | fiend | fiend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 chasing | obj |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 25 sheen | punct |
| 19 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 lightning | compound |
| 20 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 sheen | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 sheen | cop |
| 22 | due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 25 sheen | case |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 due | fixed |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 sheen | det |
| 25 | sheen | sheen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 say | parataxis |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 lance | case |
| 27 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 28 lance | det |
| 28 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 sheen | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 fire | punct |
| 30 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 33 fire | cc |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 fire | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 fire | det |
| 33 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 sheen | parataxis |
| 34 | issuing | issue | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 fire | acl |
| 35 | from | from | ADP | _ | 37 nostrils | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 nostrils | det |
| 37 | nostrils | nostril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 issuing | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 steeds | case |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 steeds | nmod:poss |
| 40 | celestial | celestial | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 steeds | compound |
| 41 | steeds | steed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 nostrils | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 say | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the Bulgarians | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | fork | past | that | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a | present | lightning | the lance | of Ilya | tree rules | |||
| 4 | chase | present · progressive | the lance | the Lamia fiend | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fiend=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | present | summer lightning | due the sheen; of that lance | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | issue | gerund | the fire not said here | the nostrils of Ilya's celestial steeds | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/57/63/