The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 12, sentence 65
One night they sank through the shiny water--sank like stones--and for the first time since he had known them began to swim quickly.
Who acts: miles · What happens: sink, know, begin, swim · To what, where: shiny water, Kotick
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (miles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 night | nummod |
| 2 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sank | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 sank | nsubj |
| 4 | sank | sink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 8 water | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 water | det |
| 7 | shiny | shiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 water | amod |
| 8 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sank | obl |
| 9 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 10 sank | punct |
| 10 | sank | sink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 sank | advcl |
| 11 | like | like | ADP | _ | 12 stones | case |
| 12 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 sank | obl |
| 13 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 22 known | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 known | cc |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 time | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 time | det |
| 17 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 18 time | amod |
| 18 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 known | obl |
| 19 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 22 known | mark |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 known | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 known | aux |
| 22 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 began | advcl |
| 23 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 known | obj |
| 24 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 sank | parataxis |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 swim | mark |
| 26 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 began | xcomp |
| 27 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 26 swim | advmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 sank | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sink | past | miles = mile | the shiny water | night | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 2 | sink | past | miles = mile not said here | like stones | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | know | past · perfect · passive | Kotick | time | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | begin | past | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 5 | swim | to-infinitive | quickly property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/12/65/