The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 13, sentence 28
And o’er the foam-flecked offing as far as voice could reach We hailed the landing-parties and we sang them up the beach.
Who acts: you, voice, We · What happens: o'er, fleck, off, reach, hail, sing up · To what, where: landing parties, parties
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, voice, We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 2 o’er | cc |
| 2 | o’er | o'er | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 flecked | det |
| 4 | foam | foam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 flecked | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 foam | punct |
| 6 | flecked | fleck | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 o’er | ccomp |
| 7 | offing | off | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 flecked | advcl |
| 8 | as | as | ADV | _ | 9 far | advmod |
| 9 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 offing | advmod |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 13 reach | mark |
| 11 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 reach | nsubj |
| 12 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 reach | aux |
| 13 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 far | advcl |
| 14 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 hailed | nsubj |
| 15 | hailed | hail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 reach | ccomp |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 parties | det |
| 17 | landing | landing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 parties | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 landing | punct |
| 19 | parties | party | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 hailed | obj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 sang | cc |
| 21 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 sang | nsubj |
| 22 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 hailed | conj |
| 23 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 sang | obj |
| 24 | up | up | ADP | _ | 22 sang | compound:prt |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 beach | det |
| 26 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 sang | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 o’er | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | o'er | imperative | you not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | fleck | participle | you not said here | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | off | gerund | you not said here | far property | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | reach | could | voice | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | hail | past | We | the landing parties | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent party=Theme | ||||
| 6 | sing up speech: express | past | we | parties = party | the beach obl | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/13/28/