The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 16, sentence 123

By all the Gods of the Hills, these new elephants are possessed, or else they can smell their companions in the jungle.”

Who acts: Gods, hills · What happens: possess, smell · To what, where: new elephants, companions, jungle

This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gods, hills), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	4 Gods	case
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 Gods	det:predet
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Gods	det
4	Gods	god	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 possessed	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 Hills	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Hills	det
7	Hills	Hill	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 Gods	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 Gods	punct
9	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	11 elephants	det
10	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 elephants	amod
11	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 possessed	nsubj:pass
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 possessed	aux:pass
13	possessed	possess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 smell	punct
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 smell	cc
16	else	else	ADV	_	19 smell	advmod
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 smell	nsubj
18	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 smell	aux
19	smell	smell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 possessed	conj
20	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 companions	nmod:poss
21	companions	companion	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 smell	obj
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 jungle	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 jungle	det
24	jungle	jungle	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 smell	obl
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 possessed	punct
26	”	"	PUNCT	_	13 possessed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present · passive	all Gods of the Hills	this new elephants					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme
2	smell	can	hills = hill	hills's companions		the jungle		else property	vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent companion=Theme in jungle=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/16/123/