The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 53
Then the trees closed up again, and they went on and up, with trumpetings and crashings, and the sound of breaking branches on every side of them.
Who acts: trees · What happens: close up, go, break · To what, where: trees, sound
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 closed | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 trees | det |
| 3 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 closed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | closed | close | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 closed | compound:prt |
| 6 | again | again | ADV | _ | 4 closed | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 went | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 went | cc |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 went | nsubj |
| 10 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 closed | conj |
| 11 | on | on | ADV | _ | 10 went | advmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 up | cc |
| 13 | up | up | ADV | _ | 11 on | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 trumpetings | punct |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 trumpetings | case |
| 16 | trumpetings | trumpeting | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 went | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 crashings | cc |
| 18 | crashings | crashing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 trumpetings | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 sound | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 sound | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 sound | det |
| 22 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 went | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 branches | case |
| 24 | breaking | break | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 branches | amod |
| 25 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 sound | nmod |
| 26 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 side | case |
| 27 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 side | det |
| 28 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 branches | nmod |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 them | case |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 side | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 closed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | close up | participle · passive | the trees | then; again | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | go | past | trees = tree | the sound of breaking branches on every side of branches | with trumpetings and crashings | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with trumpeting=Beneficiary | |||
| 3 | break | gerund | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/53/