The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 6
But the sweetmeat seller in the camp lent him a little tom-tom--a drum beaten with the flat of the hand--and he sat down, cross-legged, before Kala Nag as the stars began to come out, the tom-tom in his lap, and he thumped and he thumped and he thumped, and the more he thought of the great honor that had been done to him, the more he thumped, all alone among the elephant fodder.
Who acts: sweetmeat seller, Little, stars · What happens: lend, beat, sit down, begin, come out, thump · To what, where: little tom tom, Little, drum, Kala Nag, tom tom, great honor
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sweetmeat seller, Little, stars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 lent | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 seller | det |
| 3 | sweetmeat | sweetmeat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 seller | compound |
| 4 | seller | seller | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 lent | nsubj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 camp | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 camp | det |
| 7 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 seller | nmod |
| 8 | lent | lend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 lent | obj |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 tom | det |
| 11 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 tom | amod |
| 12 | tom | tom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 tom | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 tom | punct |
| 14 | tom | tom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 lent | obj |
| 15 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 17 drum | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 drum | det |
| 17 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 tom | appos |
| 18 | beaten | beat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 drum | acl |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 flat | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 flat | det |
| 21 | flat | flat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 beaten | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 hand | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 hand | det |
| 24 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 flat | nmod |
| 25 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 28 sat | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 sat | cc |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 sat | nsubj |
| 28 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 lent | conj |
| 29 | down | down | ADP | _ | 28 sat | compound:prt |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 cross-legged | punct |
| 31 | cross-legged | cross-legged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 sat | xcomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 Nag | punct |
| 33 | before | before | ADP | _ | 35 Nag | case |
| 34 | Kala | Kala | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 Nag | compound |
| 35 | Nag | Nag | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 sat | obl |
| 36 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 39 began | mark |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 stars | det |
| 38 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 began | nsubj |
| 39 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 sat | advcl |
| 40 | to | to | PART | _ | 41 come | mark |
| 41 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 began | xcomp |
| 42 | out | out | ADV | _ | 41 come | advmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 tom | punct |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 tom | det |
| 45 | tom | tom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 tom | compound |
| 46 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 45 tom | punct |
| 47 | tom | tom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 come | obl |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 lap | case |
| 49 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 lap | nmod:poss |
| 50 | lap | lap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 tom | nmod |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 thumped | punct |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 thumped | cc |
| 53 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 thumped | nsubj |
| 54 | thumped | thump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 lent | parataxis |
| 55 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 thumped | cc |
| 56 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 57 thumped | nsubj |
| 57 | thumped | thump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 thumped | conj |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 thumped | cc |
| 59 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 60 thumped | nsubj |
| 60 | thumped | thump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 57 thumped | conj |
| 61 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 thought | punct |
| 62 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 thought | cc |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 more | det |
| 64 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 66 thought | advmod |
| 65 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 66 thought | nsubj |
| 66 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 lent | conj |
| 67 | of | of | ADP | _ | 70 honor | case |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 70 honor | det |
| 69 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 70 honor | amod |
| 70 | honor | honor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 thought | obl |
| 71 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 74 done | obj |
| 72 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 74 done | aux |
| 73 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 74 done | aux:pass |
| 74 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 70 honor | acl:relcl |
| 75 | to | to | ADP | _ | 76 him | case |
| 76 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 74 done | obl |
| 77 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 79 more | punct |
| 78 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 79 more | det |
| 79 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 81 thumped | advmod |
| 80 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 81 thumped | nsubj |
| 81 | thumped | thump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 66 thought | advcl |
| 82 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 84 alone | punct |
| 83 | all | all | ADV | _ | 84 alone | advmod |
| 84 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 81 thumped | advmod |
| 85 | among | among | ADP | _ | 88 fodder | case |
| 86 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 88 fodder | det |
| 87 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 88 fodder | compound |
| 88 | fodder | fodder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 alone | obl |
| 89 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 lent | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lend | past | the sweetmeat seller in the camp | a little tom tom | Little | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient tom=Theme | |||
| 2 | beat | participle | a drum not said here | with the flat of the hand | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with flat=Theme | ||||
| 3 | sit down | past | Little | Kala Nag | cross-legged property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before nag=Location | |||
| 4 | begin | past | the stars | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | come out | to-infinitive | the stars not said here | the tom tom in Little's lap | out property | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient | |||
| 6 | thump | past | Little | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | thump | past | Little | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | thump | past | Little | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | think speech: other | past | Little | of the great honor | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 10 | do | past · perfect · passive | the great honor | Little | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: that=Eventuality | ||||
| 11 | thump | past | Little | alone property | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/6/