The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 18, sentence 104
Luckily, I knew enough of beast language--not wild-beast language, but camp-beast language, of course--from the natives to know what he was saying.
Who acts: I, natives, neck · What happens: know, say · To what, where: enough · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, natives, neck), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Luckily | luckily | ADV | _ | 4 knew | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Luckily | punct |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 knew | nsubj |
| 4 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | enough | enough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 knew | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 language | case |
| 7 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 language | compound |
| 8 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 enough | obl |
| 9 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 14 language | punct |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 language | advmod |
| 11 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 beast | amod |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 wild | punct |
| 13 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 language | compound |
| 14 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 language | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 language | punct |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 language | cc |
| 17 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 beast | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 camp | punct |
| 19 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 language | compound |
| 20 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 knew | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 course | punct |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 course | case |
| 23 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 knew | obl |
| 24 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 29 know | punct |
| 25 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 29 know | mark |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 natives | det |
| 27 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 know | nsubj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 know | mark |
| 29 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 knew | conj |
| 30 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 33 saying | obj |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 saying | nsubj |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 saying | aux |
| 33 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 know | ccomp |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | I | enough | of course; beast language obl; luckily property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer enough=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | know | to-infinitive | the natives | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past · progressive | neck | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/18/104/