The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 19, sentence 54
“We aren’t taught that way,” said Billy the mule stiffly.
Who acts: Billy · What happens: not teach, say · To what, where: We · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Billy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 taught | punct |
| 2 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 taught | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 taught | aux:pass |
| 4 | n’t | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 taught | advmod |
| 5 | taught | teach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 said | ccomp |
| 6 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 way | det |
| 7 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 taught | obl:unmarked |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 taught | punct |
| 9 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 taught | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | Billy | Billy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 mule | det |
| 13 | mule | mule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 stiffly | nsubj |
| 14 | stiffly | stiffly | ADV | _ | 10 said | ccomp |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not teach speech: other in a quote | present · passive | We | that way obl:unmarked | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Billy | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/19/54/