The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 20, sentence 76
“Orders,” said Billy the mule, and his teeth snapped.
Who acts: Orders, teeth · What happens: say, snap · To what, where: mule · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Orders, teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Orders | punct |
| 2 | Orders | order | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 said | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Orders | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Orders | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | Billy | Billy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 said | nsubj |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 mule | det |
| 8 | mule | mule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 snapped | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 snapped | cc |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 12 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 snapped | nsubj |
| 13 | snapped | snap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 said | parataxis |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Orders | the mule | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent mule=Topic | ||||
| 2 | snap | past | mule's teeth | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/20/76/