The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 3, sentence 98

Therefore I know ye to be cowards, and it is to cowards I speak.

Who acts: I, child · What happens: know, be, speak · To what, where: cowards · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, child), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	_	3 know	advmod
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 know	nsubj
3	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	ye	ye	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	3 know	ccomp
5	to	to	PART	_	7 cowards	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 cowards	cop
7	cowards	coward	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ye	advcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 cowards	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 cowards	cc
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 cowards	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 cowards	cop
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 cowards	case
13	cowards	coward	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 know	conj
14	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 speak	nsubj
15	speak	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 cowards	acl:relcl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 know	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	know	present	I		therefore property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	is a	to-infinitive	I not said here	cowards		tree rules
3	is	present	child		to cowards	tree rules
4	speak speech: other	present	I	cowards not said here		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/3/98/