The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 4, sentence 136
Sick and giddy as Mowgli was he could not help enjoying the wild rush, though the glimpses of earth far down below frightened him, and the terrible check and jerk at the end of the swing over nothing but empty air brought his heart between his teeth.
Who acts: Sick, glimpses, empty air · What happens: not be, enjoy, frighten, bring, glimpse · To what, where: wild rush, Mowgli, heart, earth
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sick, glimpses, empty air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sick | sick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 help | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 giddy | cc |
| 3 | giddy | giddy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Sick | conj |
| 4 | as | as | ADP | _ | 5 Mowgli | case |
| 5 | Mowgli | Mowgli | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 giddy | obl |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 help | cop |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 help | nsubj |
| 8 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 help | aux |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 help | advmod |
| 10 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 11 | enjoying | enjoy | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 help | xcomp |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 rush | det |
| 13 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 rush | amod |
| 14 | rush | rush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 enjoying | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 glimpses | punct |
| 16 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 18 glimpses | mark |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 glimpses | det |
| 18 | glimpses | glimpse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 frightened | nsubj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 earth | case |
| 20 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 glimpses | nmod |
| 21 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 22 down | advmod |
| 22 | down | down | ADV | _ | 24 frightened | advmod |
| 23 | below | below | ADV | _ | 24 frightened | advmod |
| 24 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 help | parataxis |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 frightened | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 check | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 check | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 check | det |
| 29 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 check | amod |
| 30 | check | check | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 help | parataxis |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 jerk | cc |
| 32 | jerk | jerk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 check | conj |
| 33 | at | at | ADP | _ | 35 end | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 end | det |
| 35 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 check | nmod |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 swing | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 swing | det |
| 38 | swing | swing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 end | nmod |
| 39 | over | over | ADP | _ | 40 nothing | case |
| 40 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 30 check | nmod |
| 41 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 44 brought | cc |
| 42 | empty | empty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 air | amod |
| 43 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 brought | nsubj |
| 44 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 nothing | conj |
| 45 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 heart | nmod:poss |
| 46 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 brought | obj |
| 47 | between | between | ADP | _ | 49 teeth | case |
| 48 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 49 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 brought | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 help | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | could · past | Sick | help property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | enjoy not said to happen | gerund | Sick not said here | the wild rush | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rush=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | frighten | past | the glimpses of earth | Mowgli | below, down property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | bring | past | empty air | Mowgli's heart | between Mowgli's teeth | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent heart=Theme | |||
| 5 | glimpse | earth | nom glimpse «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/4/136/