The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 7, sentence 143
The valley opened out into a great plain dotted over with rocks and cut up by ravines.
Who acts: valley · What happens: open out, dot over, cut up · To what, where: great plain
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (valley), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 valley | det |
| 2 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 opened | nsubj |
| 3 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | out | out | ADP | _ | 3 opened | compound:prt |
| 5 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 plain | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 plain | det |
| 7 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 plain | amod |
| 8 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 opened | obl |
| 9 | dotted | dot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 plain | acl |
| 10 | over | over | ADV | _ | 9 dotted | advmod |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 rocks | case |
| 12 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 dotted | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 cut | cc |
| 14 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 dotted | conj |
| 15 | up | up | ADP | _ | 14 cut | compound:prt |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 ravines | case |
| 17 | ravines | ravine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 cut | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 opened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open out | past | the valley | a great plain | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into plain=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | dot over | participle | a great plain not said here | with rocks; over property | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with rock=Theme | ||||
| 3 | cut up | participle | by ravines | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/7/143/