The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 8, sentence 45
Mowgli, who naturally knew something about what they were talking of, had to cover his face not to show that he was laughing, while Buldeo, the Tower musket across his knees, climbed on from one wonderful story to another, and Mowgli’s shoulders shook.
Who acts: Mowgli, deer, Buldeo, shoulders · What happens: know, talk, have, cover, not show, laugh · To what, where: something, face, one wonderful story · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mowgli, deer, Buldeo, shoulders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mowgli | Mowgli | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 had | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 knew | punct |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 knew | nsubj |
| 4 | naturally | naturally | ADV | _ | 5 knew | advmod |
| 5 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Mowgli | acl:relcl |
| 6 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 5 knew | obj |
| 7 | about | about | ADP | _ | 8 what | case |
| 8 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 something | nmod |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 talking | nsubj |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 talking | aux |
| 11 | talking | talk | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 what | acl:relcl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 talking | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Mowgli | punct |
| 14 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 cover | mark |
| 16 | cover | cover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 had | xcomp |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 face | nmod:poss |
| 18 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cover | obj |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 show | advmod |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 show | mark |
| 21 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 cover | advcl |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 laughing | mark |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 laughing | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 laughing | aux |
| 25 | laughing | laugh | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 show | ccomp |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 climbed | punct |
| 27 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 37 climbed | mark |
| 28 | Buldeo | Buldeo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 climbed | nsubj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 musket | punct |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 musket | det |
| 31 | Tower | Tower | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 musket | compound |
| 32 | musket | musket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 Buldeo | appos |
| 33 | across | across | ADP | _ | 35 knees | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 knees | nmod:poss |
| 35 | knees | knee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 musket | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 Buldeo | punct |
| 37 | climbed | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 show | conj |
| 38 | on | on | ADV | _ | 37 climbed | advmod |
| 39 | from | from | ADP | _ | 42 story | case |
| 40 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 42 story | nummod |
| 41 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 story | amod |
| 42 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 climbed | obl |
| 43 | to | to | ADP | _ | 44 another | case |
| 44 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 42 story | nmod |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 shook | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 shook | cc |
| 47 | Mowgli | Mowgli | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 shoulders | nmod:poss |
| 48 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 47 Mowgli | case |
| 49 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 shook | nsubj |
| 50 | shook | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 had | conj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | Mowgli | something | naturally property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | talk | past · progressive | deer | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | have | past | Mowgli | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | cover | to-infinitive | Mowgli not said here | Mowgli's face | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme face=Destination | ||||
| 5 | not show | to-infinitive | Mowgli not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | laugh | past · progressive | Mowgli | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | climb | past | Buldeo | one wonderful story to another | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from story=Trajectory | ||||
| 8 | shake | past | Mowgli's shoulders | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/45/