The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 8, sentence 59
How, then, shall I believe the tales of ghosts and gods and goblins which he says he has seen?”
Who acts: I, Mowgli, ghosts · What happens: believe, say, see, tell · To what, where: tales · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Mowgli, ghosts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 then | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 How | punct |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 believe | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 then | punct |
| 5 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 believe | aux |
| 6 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 believe | nsubj |
| 7 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 tales | det |
| 9 | tales | tale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 believe | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 ghosts | case |
| 11 | ghosts | ghost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 tales | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 gods | cc |
| 13 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 tales | conj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 goblins | cc |
| 15 | goblins | goblin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 tales | conj |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 says | obj |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 says | nsubj |
| 18 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 believe | parataxis |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 seen | nsubj |
| 20 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 seen | aux |
| 21 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 says | ccomp |
| 22 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 believe | punct |
| 23 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 believe | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | shall | I | the tales of ghosts and gods and goblins | then | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer tale=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | Mowgli | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | see | present · perfect | Mowgli | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | tell | ghosts | nom tale «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/8/59/